The History of Juneteenth
Reading Comprehension Activity

Juneteenth, celebrated on June 19th, is a significant day in American history that commemorates the end of slavery in the United States. The name “Juneteenth” is a blend of “June” and “nineteenth,” marking the day in 1865 when Union soldiers, led by Major General Gordon Granger, arrived in Galveston, Texas at the end of the Civil War announcing the final enforcement of the Emancipation Proclamation, meaning that enslaved people were now free. This announcement came more than two years after President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, which had officially outlawed slavery in the Confederate states. The delayed freedom led to widespread celebrations among the newly freed Black Americans, which have continued annually.

The historical context of Juneteenth is crucial to understanding its importance. When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued on January 1, 1863, it declared that all enslaved people in Confederate states were to be set free. However, enforcement of this proclamation depended on the advancement of Union troops. Texas, being the most remote of the slave states, had a minimal presence of Union soldiers, allowing slavery to persist until General Granger’s arrival in 1865. The news of freedom was met with jubilation, but it also marked the beginning of a long and arduous journey toward equality and civil rights for Black Americans.

Juneteenth is more than just a historical milestone; it is a celebration of Black American culture and heritage. Traditionally, the day is marked with festivities that include music, food, and community gatherings. People often participate in parades, cookouts, and historical reenactments. Educational events are also common, where stories of the past are shared, and the contributions of Black Americans to the nation’s history are highlighted. The celebrations are a testament to the resilience and enduring spirit of the Black American community.

In recent years, Juneteenth has gained broader recognition and has been embraced by a diverse range of communities across the United States. In 1980, Texas became the first state to declare Juneteenth an official holiday. Since then, many other states have followed suit, and in 2021, Juneteenth was declared a federal holiday. This official recognition has spurred more extensive celebrations and has helped educate more people about the significance of the day. It serves as a reminder of the progress made and the ongoing struggle for racial equality in America.